Study on the Garments Washing & Dyeing Machine

Introduction: 
For more than last 60 years, continuous research and development is going on garments dyeing technique, process and machines. Various types of garments dyeing machines have been developed and all those garments dyeing machines can be classified into following two groups:

1. Paddle dyeing machine
2. Rotary drum dyeing machine

Objectives: 

• Desizing, Scouring, Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing could be done in the same machine. 
• Lower liquor ratio in garments dyeing requires lower water, steam, and chemical consumption, hence lower garments dyeing cost.

Sketch:

Fig: Schematic diagram of an industrial washing and dyeing machine

Fig: Sectional view of an industrial garments washing machine.

Features: 

1. Made of stainless steel.
2. There are two big circular cylinders.
3. Outer cylinder is made of solid stainless steel.
4. Inner cylinder is perforated and also made of stainless steel.
5. A sliding door is used to load and unload materials.
6. There are chemical dozing doors.
7. Outer cylinder is fixed with the machine frame.
8. Inner cylinder is placed within the outer cylinder by shaft.
9. Inner cylinder is related by motor pulley and belt drive from both side.
10. Auto reversel unit assist in duel direction of the cylinder rotation.
11. Duel direction is necessary for avoiding roping.
12. There are 3 bars at 120° apart about 6˝ height in the inner cylinder.
13. There is a gap about 4˝ between outer and inner cylinder.
14. A glass tube is connected to the outer cylinder.
15. There is a pannel board above the machine to control some machine operating parameters.

Operating Principle: 
A process of dyeing textiles in a machine that gently move the goods using paddles similar to a paddle wheel on a boat. This is a slow process, but there is extremely little abrasion on the goods. Horizontal Paddle Machines (over head paddle machine) consist of a curved beck like lower suction to contain the materials and the dye liquor. The goods are moved by a rotating paddle, which extends across the width of the machine. Half immersed paddles cause the material to move upwards and downwards throughout the liquor.

The temperature can be raised to 98o C in such system.Lateral / oval paddle machines consist of oval tank to enhance the fluid flow and the processing the goods. In the middle of this tank is a closed oval island. The paddle moves in a lateral direction and is not half submerged in the liquor and the temperature can be increased up to 98 C.HT Paddle Machines work according to the principle of horizontal paddle machine; however, the temperature can be raised up to 140 C. PES articles are preferably dyed on HT paddles.

In paddle machines, the dyeing can be carried out with 30:1 to 40:1, lower ratios reduces optimum movement of the goods, lead to unlevel dyeing, crease formation. For gentleness, the blades of the paddle are either curved or have rounded edges and the rotating speed of the paddle can be regulated from 1.5 to 40 rpm. Circulation of the liquor should be strong enough to prevent goods from sinking to the bottom. Paddle machines are suitable for dyeing articles of all substrates in all forms of make ups. The goods are normally dyed using PP/PET bags.

Conclusion: 
In this experiment, we can know that which the working procedure of Industrial dyeing and washing machine. It is very helpful in our future life when we are working in textile industry.